DESIGN AND PRODUCTION OF A VERTICAL PALM FRUIT DIGESTER

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Alexander Aniekan Offiong
Aniekan Offiong
Philip T. Aondona
A.P. Ihom

Abstract

This work ‘Design and Production of a Vertical Palm Fruit Digester’ have been carefully conducted. The digester was initially conceived to meet design requirements such as functionality, strength and robustness, corrosion resistance, capacity delivery, esthetics, efficiency and others. To achieve the design requirements, AutoCAD software and a laptop were used for the engineering drawing of detailed parts and assembly drawing, while design calculations and analysis of loads and forces acting on the vertical palm fruit digester were carried out to assist in the selection of materials for the production of the digester. The detailed parts were produced according to the design, and the standard parts were selected in line with the design calculations. The digester was assembled using a welding machine, bolts, and nuts. The right fastening strength and technique were used to ensure rigidity and prevent leakages. The digester was then evaluated for performance, and a vertical palm fruit digester was designed, produced, tested. The designed digestion machine was evaluated in terms of two major parameters, namely, the amount of oil produced (throughput and yield) and the quality of the oil produced (with the measures of moisture content, FFA levels, viscosity, and retention of micronutrients). The findings confirm that operating conditions, including sterilization time, storage time, shaft speed and blade design, strongly affect machine performance. The machine digesting capacity remained high under different machine setups, with the highest conditions producing >340 kg/h and 94% efficiency. Optimal sterilization (120 min) and storage (3 days) resulted in oil that contained low amounts of water and low free fatty acids, with 0 -tocopherol and 0 -carotene levels maintained for 3 days. Long sterilization or long storage however increased FFA, a decrease in antioxidants, and color decay, which are indicators of oxidative degradation. The total cost of producing the machine is ₦600,000 ($400), and the most expensive part of the machine is the gasoline motor which was ₦100, 000 ($66.67) whose value is approximately 16.7% of the total cost. The locally developed- machine is also much cheaper than imported palm fruit digestion machines, which can range between ₦2,000,000 ($1333.33) and ₦3,500,000 ($2333.33) depending on capacity and specifications. This affordability will make it available to rural cooperatives, small-scale processors, and community-based businesses, which is why it will support the local content policy in Nigeria and lessen reliance on imported equipment.

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Published: Dec 11, 2025
Keywords:
Palm oil, Design, Tenera fruit, Digester, Cost analysis, Testing, Production
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Articles
Cite This Paper
Offiong, A. A., Offiong, A., Aondona , P. T., & Ihom, A. P. (2025). DESIGN AND PRODUCTION OF A VERTICAL PALM FRUIT DIGESTER. Hollex Journal of Engineering and Innovation, 13(4), 16–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17899711

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