Parental visitation is a critical component of child welfare systems, with significant implications for various child welfare outcomes. This research explores the multifaceted relationship between parental visitation and its influence on child well-being. Several studies have demonstrated the positive impact of parental visitation on family reunification, highlighting its role in enhancing the likelihood of reunifying children with their families. Notably, Leathers (2002) conducted a study involving 230 children in foster care in Illinois, revealing a substantial improvement in family reunification expectations when visitation frequency increased. Additionally, Mech (1985) found that more frequent parental visits were linked to shorter periods of foster care placement, underscoring the importance of consistent visitation.

Moreover, the type of visitors, whether parental or non-parental, has been shown to have a significant effect on permanency outcomes such as reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship. Lee (2011) discovered that parental visits were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of achieving permanency compared to visits from extended family or non-family members. However, it is essential to note that Gillespie, Bryne, and Workman (1995) reported conflicting results, finding no significant relationship between visitation frequency and family reunification. Their study focused on the effectiveness of intensive family preservation services and had a highly homogeneous participant group.

Beyond family reunification, parental visitation also plays a crucial role in children's mental health. McWey, Acock, and Porter (2009) examined the impact of parental contact on children with mental health issues within the child welfare system. Using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, they found that frequent contact with mothers was marginally associated with reduced levels of depression and significantly associated with fewer externalizing problem behaviors in children.

In conclusion, parental visitation emerges as a pivotal factor in shaping various child welfare outcomes. It significantly contributes to family reunification efforts, with consistent visitation fostering a higher probability of reunifying children with their families. Furthermore, the type of visitors can influence permanency outcomes, with parental visits being particularly beneficial. Additionally, parental visitation plays a crucial role in mitigating mental health issues among children in the child welfare system. Understanding the multifaceted impact of parental visitation is essential for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers working toward the well-being of children involved in child welfare systems.