Due to the separation of the teaching mode theory and practice used in artificial intelligence technology and application courses in China, the quality of course teaching is poor. Therefore, the research focuses on the teaching effectiveness of artificial intelligence technology and application courses in the context of industry education integration. Firstly, a comprehensive discussion was conducted on the teaching design of artificial intelligence technology and application courses in the context of industry education integration from the perspectives of teaching objectives, teaching content, and teaching modes. Then, two classes in a certain university were used as experimental subjects, and project-based teaching mode and traditional teaching mode were used for experimental teaching under the background of industry education integration. The experimental results verified that project-based teaching mode is more suitable for teaching artificial intelligence technology and applied courses than traditional teaching mode, and the teaching effect is good.